What facilitates efficient use of airspace and safeguards friendly forces during operations?

The correct choice focuses on Air Control Measures (ACMs), which are designed to facilitate the efficient use of airspace and protect friendly forces during military operations. ACMs encompass a range of procedures and regulations that dictate how airspace is utilized, including the coordination of various air assets to ensure that they do not interfere with one another while effectively supporting ground operations.

By establishing these measures, commanders can prevent fratricide, or friendly fire incidents, and optimize air support for ground troops. This is crucial in a dynamic combat environment where multiple aircraft and ground units may operate in close proximity.

ACMs include the identification of specific air corridors, the assignment of air-to-ground communication procedures, and the establishment of no-fly zones or areas of responsibility for different units. Each of these factors contributes to maintaining the safety and effectiveness of both air and ground forces, ensuring mission success while minimizing risks to friendly troops.