_____ normally produces the specific effect on a target with the minimum expenditure of ammunition.

Massing fires is a concept that focuses on concentrating artillery, air support, and other firepower on a specific target area to achieve maximum effectiveness with a minimal amount of ammunition. This approach ensures that the firepower is applied in a way that maximizes the likelihood of achieving the desired effect on the target while minimizing resource expenditure. The objective behind massing fires is to create overwhelming destructive power on a limited target area, leading to enhanced lethality and efficiency.

In a tactical context, massing fires can reduce collateral damage by focusing strikes on the intended target rather than spreading fire resources too thinly across several targets, which could require higher ammunition expenditure for similar effects. This concept is critical during operations where precision and efficiency are essential to mission success.

While fires planning involves the strategizing of how and when to employ different forms of fire support, targeting synchronization refers to coordinating various weapons systems to hit targets simultaneously. Targeted effects focus more on the results required from the engagement rather than the method of achieving those results. These approaches may contribute to overall mission goals but do not specifically emphasize the efficiency of ammunition expenditure as massing fires does.